HMRC is stepping up investigations into crypto-assets. In 2022, nearly 5 million people owned crypto-assets such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, consequently HMRC started a campaign in late 2023 to track down who has bought and sold crypto-assets over the past few years.
Buying and owning crypto-assets does not cause you to be liable for tax- even if their value has grown substantially. HMRC will only be interested if you have received income and made gains by selling assets (and even then, you might not have to pay tax). If you have bought and sold crypto-assets infrequently, any gains (after knocking off any losses) you have made will fall within the scope of capital gains tax (CGT). However, if your gains for a tax year from the sale of all assets (not just crypto-assets) were less than the CGT annual exemption (£12,300 for 2022/23) there’s no tax to pay and no requirement to report the transaction. If you frequently trade in crypto-assets HMRC might consider that you are liable to income tax on any gains that you make. The CGT exemption won’t apply and if you haven’t declared your gains you might have tax to pay!
When HMRC starts an enquiry, you’ll receive a letter stating the legislation it’s using as authority. They will ask for records of your cryptocurrency transactions for the previous tax years. You will have to provide information and documents within 30 days, if you don’t think you will be able to comply you must get in contact with HMRC without delay.